Isotopen van indium
Tegenwoordig is Isotopen van indium een onderwerp van groot belang en interesse geworden in de moderne samenleving. Met de vooruitgang van de technologie en de voortdurende veranderingen in de wereld heeft Isotopen van indium de aandacht getrokken van miljoenen mensen over de hele wereld. Van de impact ervan op het dagelijks leven tot de invloed ervan op de cultuur en de economie, Isotopen van indium heeft zichzelf gevestigd als een relevant onderwerp dat vandaag de dag analyse waard is. In dit artikel zullen we de verschillende aspecten met betrekking tot Isotopen van indium diepgaand onderzoeken, waardoor we een uitgebreid overzicht krijgen dat ons in staat stelt het belang ervan vandaag de dag te begrijpen.
Het chemisch element indium (In), met een atoommassa van 114,818(3) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 113In, dat in theorie in staat is om spontane splijting te ondergaan. De overige 37 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van indium is 97In, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 5 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 115In, met een halfwaardetijd van 0,441 biljard jaar. Deze isotoop komt in de natuur het meest voor (de relatieve aanwezigheid bedraagt bijna 96%). Omdat de halfwaardetijd duizenden malen groter is dan de leeftijd van het universum, kan deze isotoop de facto als stabiel worden beschouwd. Op aarde is het een primordiaal nuclide, hetgeen impliceert dat het reeds bestond toen de aarde gevormd werd.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 97In | 49 | 48 | 96,94954(64) | 5 ms | 9/2+ | ||||
| 98In | 49 | 49 | 97,94214(21) | 45(23) ms | β+ | 98Cd | 0+ | ||
| 98mIn | 0(500) keV | 1,7(8) s | |||||||
| 99In | 49 | 50 | 98,93422(43) | 3,1(8) s | β+ | 99Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 99mIn | 400(150) keV | 1 s | 1/2− | ||||||
| 100In | 49 | 51 | 99,93111(27) | 5,9(2) s | β+ (96,1%) | 100Cd | (6, 7)+ | ||
| β+, p (3,9%) | 99Ag | ||||||||
| 101In | 49 | 52 | 100,92634(32) | 15,1(3) s | β+ | 100Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| β+, p | 100Ag | ||||||||
| 101mIn | 550(100) keV | 10 s | 1/2− | ||||||
| 102In | 49 | 53 | 101,92409(12) | 23,3(1) s | β+ (99,99%) | 102Cd | (6+) | ||
| β+, p (0,00929%) | 101Ag | ||||||||
| 103In | 49 | 54 | 102,919914(27) | 60(1) s | β+ | 103Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 103mIn | 631,7(1) keV | 34(2) s | (1/2−) | ||||||
| 104In | 49 | 55 | 103,91830(9) | 1,80(3) min | β+ | 104Cd | (5, 6)+ | ||
| 104mIn | 93,48(10) keV | 15,7(5) s | IT (80%) | 104In | (3+) | ||||
| β+ (20%) | 104Cd | ||||||||
| 105In | 49 | 56 | 104,914674(19) | 5,07(7) min | β+ | 105Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 105mIn | 674,1(3) keV | 48(6) s | IT | 105In | 1/2− | ||||
| 106In | 49 | 57 | 105,913465(13) | 6,2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | 7+ | ||
| 106mIn | 28,6(3) keV | 5,2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | (3+) | ||||
| 107In | 49 | 58 | 106,910295(12) | 32,4(3) min | β+ | 107Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 107mIn | 678,5(3) keV | 50,4(6) s | IT | 107In | 1/2− | ||||
| 108In | 49 | 59 | 107,909698(10) | 58,0(12) min | β+ | 108Cd | 7+ | ||
| 108mIn | 29,75(5) keV | 39,6(7) min | β+ | 108Cd | 2+ | ||||
| 109In | 49 | 60 | 108,907151(6) | 4,2(1) uur | β+ | 109Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 109m1In | 650,1(3) keV | 1,34(7) min | IT | 109In | 1/2− | ||||
| 109m2In | 2101,8(2) keV | 209(6) ms | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 110In | 49 | 61 | 109,907165(13) | 4,9(1) uur | β+ | 110Cd | 7+ | ||
| 110mIn | 62,1(5) keV | 69,1(5) min | β+ | 110Cd | 2+ | ||||
| 111In | 49 | 62 | 110,905103(5) | 2,8047(5) d | EV | 111Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 111mIn | 536,95(6) keV | 7,7(2) min | IT | 111In | 1/2− | ||||
| 112In | 49 | 63 | 111,905532(6) | 14,97(10) min | β+ (56%) | 112Cd | 1+ | ||
| β− (44%) | 112Sn | ||||||||
| 112m1In | 156,59(5) keV | 20,56(6) min | β+ | 112Cd | 4+ | ||||
| 112m2In | 350,76(9) keV | 690(50) ns | 7+ | ||||||
| 112m3In | 613,69(14) keV | 2,81(3) µs | 8− | ||||||
| 113In | 49 | 64 | 112,904058(3) | stabiel | 9/2+ | 0,0429(5) | |||
| 113mIn | 391,699(3) keV | 1,6579(4) uur | IT | 113In | 1/2− | ||||
| 114In | 49 | 65 | 113,904914(3) | 71,9(1) s | β+ (99,5%) | 114Cd | 1+ | ||
| β− (0,5%) | 114Sn | ||||||||
| 114m1In | 190,29(3) keV | 49,51(1) dagen | IT (96,75%) | 114In | 5+ | ||||
| β+ (3,25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
| 114m2In | 501,94(3) keV | 43,1(6) ms | IT (96,75%) | 114In | (8−) | ||||
| β+ (3,25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
| 114m3In | 641,72(3) keV | 4,3(4) µs | (7+) | ||||||
| 115In | 49 | 66 | 114,903878(5) | 4,41(25) × 1014 jaar | β− | 115Sn | 9/2+ | 0,9571(5) | |
| 115mIn | 336,244(17) keV | 4,486(4) uur | IT (95%) | 115In | 1/2− | ||||
| β− (5%) | 115Sn | ||||||||
| 116In | 49 | 67 | 115,905260(5) | 14,10(3) s | β− | 116Sn | 1+ | ||
| EV | 116Cd | ||||||||
| 116m1In | 127,267(6) keV | 54,29(17) min | 5+ | ||||||
| 116m2In | 289,660(6) keV | 2,18(4) s | 8− | ||||||
| 117In | 49 | 68 | 116,904514(6) | 43,2(3) min | β− | 117Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 117mIn | 315,302(12) keV | 116,2(3) min | β− (52,91%) | 117Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (47,09%) | 117In | ||||||||
| 118In | 49 | 69 | 117,906354(9) | 5,0(5) s | β− | 118Sn | 1+ | ||
| 118m1In | 100(50) keV | 4,364(7) min | β− | 118Sn | 5+ | ||||
| 118m2In | 240(50) keV | 8,5(3) s | 8− | ||||||
| 119In | 49 | 70 | 118,905845(8) | 2,4(1) min | β− | 119Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 119m1In | 311,37(3) keV | 18,0(3) min | β− (94,4%) | 119Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (5,6%) | 119In | ||||||||
| 119m2In | 654,27(7) keV | 130(15) ns | 1/2+, 3/2+ | ||||||
| 120In | 49 | 71 | 119,90796(4) | 3,08(8) s | β− | 120Sn | 1+ | ||
| 120m1In | 50(60) keV | 46,2(8) s | 5+ | ||||||
| 120m2In | 300(200) keV | 47,3(5) s | β− | 120Sn | 8− | ||||
| 121In | 49 | 72 | 120,907846(29) | 23,1(6) s | β− | 121Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 121mIn | 312,98(8) keV | 3,88(10) min | β− (98,8%) | 121Sn | 1/2- | ||||
| IT (1,2%) | 121In | ||||||||
| 122In | 49 | 73 | 121,91028(5) | 1,5(3) s | β− | 122Sn | 1+ | ||
| 122m1In | 40(60) keV | 10,3(6) s | 5+ | ||||||
| 122m2In | 290(140) keV | 10,8(4) s | β− | 122Sn | 8− | ||||
| 123In | 49 | 74 | 122,910438(26) | 6,17(5) s | β− | 123mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| 123mIn | 327,21(4) keV | 47,4(4) s | β− | 123mSn | 1/2− | ||||
| 124In | 49 | 75 | 123,91318(5) | 3,11(10) s | β− | 124Sn | 3+ | ||
| 124mIn | −20(70) keV | 3,7(2) s | β− | 124Sn | (8−) | ||||
| IT | 124In | ||||||||
| 125In | 49 | 76 | 124,91360(3) | 2,36(4) s | β− | 125mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| 125mIn | 360,12(9) keV | 12,2(2) s | β− | 125Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| 126In | 49 | 77 | 125,91646(4) | 1,53(1) s | β− | 126Sn | 3+ | ||
| 126mIn | 100(60) keV | 1,64(5) s | β− | 126Sn | 8− | ||||
| 127In | 49 | 78 | 126,91735(4) | 1,09(1) s | β− (99,97%) | 127mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| β−, n (0,03%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
| 127mIn | 460(70) keV | 3,67(4) s | β− (99,31%) | 127mSn | (1/2−) | ||||
| β−, n (0,69%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
| 128In | 49 | 79 | 127,92017(5) | 0,84(6) s | β− (99,96%) | 128Sn | 3+ | ||
| β−, n (0,038%) | 127Sn | ||||||||
| 128m1In | 247,87(10) keV | 10(7) ms | 1− | ||||||
| 128m2In | 320(60) keV | 720(100) ms | β− | 128Sn | (8−) | ||||
| 129In | 49 | 80 | 128,92170(5) | 611(4) ms | β− (99,75%) | 129Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| β−, n (0,25%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
| 129m1In | 380(70) keV | 1,23(3) s | β− (97,2%) | 129Sn | (1/2−) | ||||
| β−, n (2,5%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
| IT (,3%) | 129In | ||||||||
| 129m2In | 1688,0(5) keV | 8,5(5) µs | 17/2− | ||||||
| 130In | 49 | 81 | 129,92497(4) | 0,29(2) s | β− (98,35%) | 130Sn | 1− | ||
| β−, n (1,65%) | 129Sn | ||||||||
| 130m1In | 50(50) keV | 538(5) ms | 10− | ||||||
| 130m2In | 400(60) keV | 0,54(1) s | (5+) | ||||||
| 131In | 49 | 82 | 130,92685(3) | 0,28(3) s | β− (97,8%) | 131Sn | (9/2+) | ||
| β−, n (2,19%) | 130Sn | ||||||||
| 131m1In | 363(37) keV | 0,35(5) s | (1/2−) | ||||||
| 131m2In | 4,10(7) MeV | 320(60) ms | (19/2+ tot 23/2+) | ||||||
| 132In | 49 | 83 | 131,93299(7) | 206(4) ms | β− (94,8%) | 132Sn | (7−) | ||
| β−, n (5,2%) | 131Sn | ||||||||
| 133In | 49 | 84 | 132,93781(32) | 165(3) ms | β−, n (85%) | 132Sn | (9/2+) | ||
| β− (15%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
| 133mIn | 330(40) keV | 180 ms | IT | 133In | (1/2−) | ||||
| 134In | 49 | 85 | 133,94415(43) | 140(4) ms | β− (79%) | 134Sn | |||
| β−, n (17%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
| β−, 2n (4%) | 132Sn | ||||||||
| 135In | 49 | 86 | 134,94933(54) | 92(10) ms | 9/2+ | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
· 
· 